Category: International Relations Theory

Chapter 1, “Bargaining and War”

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December 15, 2017

5:28 pm

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International Relations Theory, Introduction to International Relations, War and Politics

Chapter 1, “Bargaining and War,” by Dan Reiter

Over the last two decades, the study of conflict has been dominated by the bargaining perspective on war.  This chapter introduces undergraduates to the bargaining view of war in a simple, thorough, and approachable fashion, using almost no math.  It presents the basic puzzle of the bargaining model of war: if two sides both knew who would win, why would they fight?  It discusses the three canonical solutions to this puzzle, information, commitment credibility, and indivisibility.  It then moves beyond examining the causes of war, applying bargaining insights to diplomacy during war, war termination, and civil wars.  After reviewing salient critiques of the bargaining model, it presents a case study of World War II in the Pacific, and reviews a quantitative study applying the bargaining model to international peacekeeping.

Most appropriate for introduction to international relations and war and politics classes.

What Makes This Chapter Different?

●Most readable explanation of the bargaining model of war on the market
●Application to causes of war, intrawar dynamics, and war termination
●Application to interstate and intrastate conflict
●Unique case study on World War II in the Pacific

Dr. Dan Reiter is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Political Science at Emory University. He is the author of several articles and books on international relations, including the award-winning How Wars End (Princeton, 2009).

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Chapter 2, “International Alliances”

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December 14, 2017

7:47 pm

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International Relations Theory, Introduction to International Relations, War and Politics

Chapter 2, “International Alliances,” by Dan Reiter

This chapter covers international alliances, the most important institutions in all of international relations.  This chapter moves beyond traditional treatments of alliances focusing on balance of power and polarity.  Instead, the chapter builds on contemporary alliance research, focusing on alliances as institutions, and on the central question of why states comply with alliance treaty requirements even under anarchy.  The chapter tackles the critical questions of alliances, such as how alliances aggregate military power, how alliances deter, the role of international and domestic audience costs in encouraging compliance, the importance of variations in alliance types, and more. The chapter demonstrates these ideas with a case study of the onset of World War I, and a summary of a quantitative study evaluating how alliance commitments shape decisions to enter wars.

Most appropriate for classes on war and politics, international institutions, and international relations theory.

Why this chapter is different:

●Only review of alliances on the market that is appropriate for undergraduate readers and reflects current scholarly understanding of alliances
●Case study applying alliance insights to the onset of World War I
●Application to contemporary policy debates, including debates in the Trump administration about American’s commitments to NATO and other alliances

Dr. Dan Reiter is the Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor of Political Science at Emory University. He is the award-winning author of several articles on alliances and NATO in particular, as well as Crucible of Beliefs: Learning, Alliances, and World Wars (Cornell, 1996).

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Chapter 3, “Nuclear Weapons”

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December 13, 2017

7:48 pm

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International Relations Theory, International Security, Introduction to International Relations, US Foreign Policy, War and Politics

Chapter 3, “Nuclear Weapons,” by Michael C. Horowitz

This chapter covers nuclear weapons, the most destructive and politically significant weapons ever developed, combining history, science, theory, and policy.  Students will learn about the development of the first nuclear weapon in the Manhattan Project, and the development of Cold War nuclear arsenals, including modern means of weapons delivery.  They will be introduced to core concepts of nuclear deterrence, nuclear coercion, arms control, and stability theory.  The chapter presents an extensive discussion of nuclear proliferation, why states acquire nuclear weapons, is nuclear proliferation fundamentally stabilizing or dangerous, and what kinds of policies can slow proliferation and make it safer.  The chapter includes a case study on the critical question of nuclear weapons and North Korea, and a summary of a quantitative study examining whether alliances can prevent proliferation.

Most appropriate for classes on war and politics and US foreign policy

Why this chapter is different:

●Comprehensive treatment of all issues pertinent to nuclear weapons in a compact, readable essay
●Integrated discussion of nuclear history, theory, and policy
●Case study applying chapter insights to North Korea

Dr. Michael C. Horowitz is Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of the Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania.  He is the author of several leading articles on nuclear weapons, as well as the award-winning The Diffusion of Military Power (Princeton, 2010).

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Chapter 4, “Leaders, Institutions, and Foreign Policy”

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December 12, 2017

7:49 pm

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International Relations Theory, War and Politics

Chapter 4, “Leaders, Institutions, and Foreign Policy,” by Michael C. Horowitz

This chapter is one of the only undergraduate textbook essays on leaders in international conflict.  It surveys all the critical elements connecting leadership to international relations, including how leaders come to power, the nature and origins of leaders’ beliefs, the impacts of leaders’ personal backgrounds, gender and leadership, ideology, how domestic political institutions do and do not constrain leaders, and others.  The chapter includes a case study of the role of leadership in the outbreak of World War I, and a  summary of a quantitative study on leadership and the spread of nuclear weapons.

Most appropriate for classes on war and politics and international relations theory.

Why this chapter is different:

●Only comprehensive, contemporary treatment of leadership and international relations on the market
●Integrated discussion of leaders and how political institutions shape (or do not shape) leaders’ prerogatives
●Unique case study of World War I and leadership

Dr. Michael C. Horowitz is Professor of Political Science and Associate Director of the Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania.  He is the author of several leading articles on leaders in international relations, as well as coauthor of Why Leaders Fight (Cambridge, 2015).

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Chapter 5, “Public Opinion and Conflict”

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December 11, 2017

7:50 pm

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International Relations Theory, US Foreign Policy, War and Politics

Chapter 5, “Public Opinion and Conflict,” by Christopher Gelpi

This chapter explores the connections between public opinion and international conflict, and especially the determinants of public support for war.  These questions have long been of central interest to international relations and political science more broadly, becoming even more salient since 2001 because of the American engagements in Afghanistan and Iraq.  The chapter provides students with the essential tools needed to understand these questions.  It starts with an introduction to polling techniques and fundamental theories of opinion formation. The chapter next works through the central debates about the determinants of support for war, focusing on how casualty levels and perceptions of the likelihood of victory affect support.  The chapter includes a case study and summary of a quantitative study that focus on public opinion during the Iraq War.

Most appropriate for classes on war and politics, and public opinion.

What makes this chapter different:

●Only chapter on the market providing comprehensive, compact, cutting edge discussion of public opinion and war
●Extensive discussion of the crucial Iraq War case
●Approachable writing style, no statistics or quantitative background necessary

Dr. Christopher Gelpi is Professor and Chair of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution at the Ohio State University.   He is the author of several leading articles on public opinion and conflict, as well as coauthor of the award-winning Paying the Human Costs of War: American Public Opinion and Casualties in Military Conflicts (Princeton, 2009).

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